Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Human Health Risk Assessment of Fluoride Enrichment in Water in Faulted Basins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—A Case Study of Sanhe Plain in Guide Basin

Fluoride (F) is an essential element of drinking water for human health, especially bone development and enamel creation. However, if the fluoride content in higher than 1.5 mg/L or lower 0.5 mg/L, it will cause endemic diseases, such as dental fluorosis. There are two main hydrogeological characteristics: properties water-bearing rocks groundwater conditions controlled guide basin. The geothermal can be divided into fracture convection sedimentary basin according to its geological environment heat transfer mode. Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry a significant tool quality analysis. geochemical factors enrichment confined mainly include pH, ion exchange, mineral saturation. Both samples slightly alkaline, while phreatic surface record pH values 8.5, 7.78, 7.8, respectively. salinity not high, but water, measures 706.0, 430.1 285.9 groundwater, more beneficial fluoride. In contrast, cations calcium ions magnesium ions. anions SO42− HCO3−, followed by Cl−, indicating that here leaching. was shown positively correlated with sodium bicarbonate. Moreover, results indicate F− usually associated high HCO3− Na+ concentrations Ca2+ concentration tends water. This means exchange between may lead natural As mentioned above, high-sodium low-calcium favorable enrichment. saturation indices fluorite, gypsum, dolomite, calcite, well index represent vital method understand According this study, pollutant poses great risks health overall, whether limit. Children face adults caused intake. study suggests treatment should conducted reduce It suggested when used mixed certain proportion make reach range safe